The cytokine Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L), also known as Flt-3 Ligand, is an important regulator of hematopoiesis. Its receptor, Flt3, is expressed on myeloid, lymphoid and dendritic cell progenitors and is considered an important growth and
differentiation factor for several hematopoietic lineages. Activating mutations of Flt3 are frequently found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Mature human Flt- 3L consists of a 158 amino acid (aa) extracellular
domain (ECD) with a cytokine-like domain and a juxtamembrane tether region, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 30 aa cytoplasmic tail. At the amino acid sequence level, human and mouse FL are approximately 72% identical and the two proteins
exhibit cross-species activity. The Flt3-L manifests antitumor activity, presumably due to its capacity to recruit dendritic cells and
cause their proliferation.
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