Fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12) is a fibroblast growth factor homologous factor, a subset of the FGF superfamily. Human FGF-12 is synthesized as a 243 aa protein. In human Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), FGF12 expression was inhibited at the
transcriptional level by platelet-derived growth factor-BB. FGF12 inhibited cell proliferation through the p53 pathway and upregulated the key factors involved in VSMC lineage differentiation, such as myocardin and serum response factor. In addition,
FGF12 and other FGF11 subfamily members do not activate any fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), although they can bind to heparin with high affinity like other FGFs. FGF12 has structural similarity with FGF1 and FGF2, in that it lacks a classical signal
sequence and con-tains a nuclear localization signal, resulting in the accu-mulation of FGF12 in the nucleus without any release from cells.
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