CCL21, also known as 6Ckine, TCA-4, SLC, Exodus-2, and A21, is a 12 kDa homeostatic chemokine. Some of the chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory which can be induced to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection during an immune
response, while others are considered homeostatic and are implied in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance and development. CCL21 takes its name 6Ckine for its consititutively six conserved cysteine residues but not four cysteines typical to chemokines. CCL21 has function in ininducing vigorous calcium migrations and chemotactic responses. During chronic inflammation or tissue damage, CCL21 is up-regulated on local vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells, and neurons. In these settings, it promotes fibrosis, inflammatory cytokine production, and neuropathic pain. The soluble chemokine is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid and in the serum of coronary artery disease patients. CCL21 has been shown to exert either angiogenic or angiostatic effects. These effects, in combination with the ability of CCL21 to attract immune suppressor cells (Treg and MDSC) to a tumor site can have positive or negative effects on tumor progression.
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